The resultant PICC and control waveforms were recorded simultaneously. Additionally, random repetitive pressure pulses were applied to the column of water to simulate physiologic intravascular pressure variations. Measurements of static pressures over a physiologic range were recorded using 5Fr and 6Fr dual lumen PICCs. Digital transducers were used to obtain all pressure readings. We designed a device to generate controlled pressures via a column of water allowing simultaneous measurements from a PICC and a standard triple lumen catheter. We studied the accuracy of a novel PICC to transmit static and dynamic pressures in vitro. Use of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) is increasing, but little data exists comparing a PICC to a conventional CVP catheter. Central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring is essential to guide adequate resuscitation. Infarct porcine model experimental results.Early goal directed therapy improves survival in patients with septic shock. Healthy porcine model experimental results. Note that only positive temperature changes above baseline are shown since they correspond to the RF-induced heating. The red zone represents a GTH greater than 2☌, which is not considered procedurally safe. A clear increase in temperature is detected at the tip of the stainless-steel guidewire at positions 1 and 3 during imaging with the TSE sequence. The guidewire tip was placed at position 1 to mimic the descending aorta (DA) location, position 2 to mimic the aortic arch (AA) location, and position 3 to mimic the left ventricle (LV) location. Guidewire tip heating (GTH) for stainless steel guidewire only, glass-fiber epoxy-based guidewire only, and glass-fiber epoxy-based guidewire with braided catheter over time during the phantom heating experiments using the gradient echo (GRE, blue line) and turbo spin echo (TSE, red line) sequences. GTH was measured at three different positions representing the descending aorta (DA, position 1, top), the aortic arch (AA, position 2, middle), and the left ventricle (LV, position 3, bottom).Įxamples of temperature recordings over time in phantom heating experiments. GTH measured with GRE (blue) and TSE (red) sequences during phantom experiments for a stainless-steel guidewire (left), the glass-fiber epoxy-based MR guidewire (center), and the same MR guidewire in combination with three different catheters (right). Guidewire Tip Heating (GTH) during phantom experiments. The signal void intensity (e.g., region of interest 1 in c4), surrounding blood signal intensity (e.g., ROI 2 in c4), and background noise (e.g., ROI 3 in c4) were measured to calculate the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the guidewire tip. The corresponding signal void dimensions (e.g., a4) measured in the LV cavity are shown in the last column. The first three columns show the MR guidewire in the descending aorta, aortic arch, and LV during steps 2–4. Glass-fiber epoxy-based guidewire (MR guidewire) visualization examples during the left ventricle (LV) catheterization procedure in healthy subjects (a, b) and subjects with an infarct (c, d). Representative examples of real-time MR images from porcine model experiments. The MRI-visible glass-fiber epoxy-based guidewire (MR guidewire) tip and thermal probe were placed at three positions to mimic the spatial locations of the descending aorta (position 1), the aortic arch (position 2), and the left ventricle (position 3). (a) Coronal and (b) Sagittal views of the experimental setup. (e) 6 Fr x 100 cm braided catheter (Expo, Boston Scientific).Įxperimental setup for evaluating device heating in the ASTM torso phantom. (b) 0.035” × 260 cm stainless steel guidewire (Rosen, Cook Medical) (c) 7 French (Fr) x 110 cm non-metallic balloon-wedge pressure catheter (Arrow, Teleflex) (d) 7 Fr x 110 cm non-metallic Swan-Ganz catheter (True Size Double Lumen Monitoring Catheter, Edwards Lifesciences). (a) diameter 0.035” × length 260 cm MRI-visible glass-fiber epoxy-based guidewire (MaRVis). The guidewire maneuvering was performed by operator 1 in the MRI scanner room and the real-time scan was controlled by operator 2 in the MRI control room.Ĭardiac catheterization devices evaluated in the phantom and porcine model experiments. MRI scanner room setup for cardiac catheterization experiments.
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